Understanding "Spring Knee": Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Strategies

"Spring knee," medically known as patellar tendinopathy or jumper's knee, is a common overuse injury characterized by pain and inflammation in the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap (patella) to the shinbone (tibia). This condition often affects athletes, particularly those involved in sports that require repetitive jumping or running.

Causes of "Spring Knee":

"Spring knee" typically develops due to repetitive stress and overuse of the patellar tendon, resulting in microscopic tears and degeneration of the tendon fibers. Some common causes and risk factors include:

Repetitive Jumping or Running: Activities that involve repetitive jumping, such as basketball, volleyball, or high-impact aerobics, can place excessive strain on the patellar tendon, leading to inflammation and injury.

Sudden Increases in Training Intensity: Abrupt changes in training intensity, duration, or frequency can overwhelm the body's ability to adapt, increasing the risk of overuse injuries like spring knee.

Muscle Imbalances: Weakness or imbalance in the muscles surrounding the knee, particularly the quadriceps and hamstrings, can contribute to poor biomechanics and abnormal stress on the patellar tendon.

Inadequate Warm-Up or Stretching: Failing to properly warm up before exercise or neglecting to stretch the muscles around the knee can leave the patellar tendon vulnerable to injury.

Symptoms of "Spring Knee":

The hallmark symptom of "spring knee" is pain and tenderness in the front of the knee, just below the kneecap. Other common symptoms may include:

• Pain with jumping, running, squatting, or climbing stairs

• Swelling or inflammation around the patellar tendon

• Stiffness or decreased flexibility in the knee joint

• Gradual onset of symptoms that worsen with activity and improve with rest

“Spring Knee” Pain Management:

Effective management of "spring knee" focuses on reducing pain and inflammation, promoting healing, and addressing underlying biomechanical issues. Treatment options may include:

Rest and Activity Modification: Temporary cessation of activities that exacerbate symptoms, followed by a gradual return to activity once pain subsides, can help prevent further irritation of the patellar tendon.

Ice Therapy: Applying ice packs to the affected knee for 15-20 minutes several times a day can help reduce pain and inflammation associated with "spring knee."

Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can prescribe specific exercises to strengthen the muscles around the knee, improve flexibility, and correct biomechanical imbalances contributing to "spring knee."

Bracing or Taping: Wearing a knee brace or using kinesiology tape may provide additional support to the patellar tendon and alleviate symptoms during activity.

Anti-Inflammatory Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen may be recommended to reduce pain and inflammation in the knee.

Corticosteroid Injections: In cases of severe or persistent pain, a healthcare provider may administer corticosteroid injections directly into the affected area to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms.

Biomechanical Evaluation: Identifying and addressing underlying biomechanical issues, such as muscle imbalances or improper footwear, can help prevent recurrent episodes of "spring knee."

Prevention Tips for Runners:

• Gradually increase training intensity and mileage to avoid overloading the patellar tendon.

• Incorporate strength training exercises to improve quadriceps and hamstring strength and promote proper biomechanics.

• Ensure proper footwear with adequate cushioning and support, especially for high-impact activities.

• Warm up before running or jumping activities and cool down afterward with stretching exercises.

"Spring knee" is a common overuse injury that can significantly impact athletes, particularly runners and jumpers. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment strategies for "spring knee," individuals can take proactive steps to prevent and manage this condition effectively. If you're experiencing persistent or severe knee pain, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and personalized treatment plan tailored to your specific needs. With proper management and preventive measures, individuals can return to their favorite activities pain-free and with improved knee health.

Dr. Schottenstein is one of the top pain management doctors in NY. If you are in the New York City or Miami area and would like to discuss your pain and treatment options, connect with the NY Spine Medicine team.